How does hip hop articulate black marginality in ways that are both Essay

Satis house and entrance Essay Example

Satis house and passage Paper Dickens utilizes reiteration regularly so it makes the perusers think there is a feeling of risk and danger. It additionally causes a touch of funniness on the grounds that the convict continues saying he will tear out Pips heart and liver. In the churchyard Pip meets a man called Magwitch who is a convict and Pip realizes he is a convict and the perusers likewise do in light of the fact that Dickens says A frightful man, all in coarse dark, with an extraordinary iron on his leg. A man with no cap and with broken shoes, and with an old cloth tied around his head. A man who ha been absorbed water, and covered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by rocks, and stung by weeds, and torn by briars; who limped, and shuddered, and glared and snarled: and whose teeth gabbed in his mind as he held onto me by the jawline. In Dickens day on the off chance that you didnt wear a cap you were considered not to be a courteous fellows and were useless so this bode well threat. Dickens utilizes action words, for example, splashed, covered, lamed and stung. This is to keep the perusers imagining what the convict has experienced to get away. This additionally connects to prior when the convict says I wish I was a frog or an eel! Magwitch says this since he is drenching wet and sloppy he has gotten away from jail and he wants to be an eel since hes on the swamps and being an eel would suit him and the environment. In section eight Dickens expounds on Miss Havishams house in a dull and unpleasant estate and this sets the air for her home. We will compose a custom exposition test on Satis house and passage explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Satis house and passage explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Satis house and passage explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It was cleared and clean, however grass was developing in each hole. And everything was vacant and neglected. The virus wind appeared to blow colder than outside the door; and it made a deafening clamor in crying in and out at the open sides of the bottling works, similar to the commotion of the breeze in the apparatus of a boat at sea. The world high pitched commotion gives the perusers a disagreeable creative mind of what sort of dim commotion it. This makes the house sound extraordinary and like it is in its very own universe. The house causes Pip to feel uncertain and it causes him to feel like he doesnt know himself. Likewise the words transport adrift suggests that Pip is on another journey since he is meeting various individuals and going on new excursions. In part eight Dickens depicts Satis house and clarifies how the passageway has got two chains across it, which goes about as a jail. This shows Miss Havisham has become a detainee and has detained herself in her own house.â The incredible front passageway had two chains across it outside-and the principal thing I saw was that the entries were all dull. This likewise connects to section one since Miss Havisham has detained herself and Magwitch has gotten away from jail. The word dim uncovers that Miss Havisham lives in complete dimness since she has detained herself from light since she has shut all the screens and windows so the light doesnt peer through. Dickens later on composes session Miss Havishams distillery yard in a negative manner and he infers demise is all near and this connects to section one and this is the reason the bottling works yard is deserted.â To be certain it was an abandoned place. Also the word no is rehashed regularly on the grounds that this uncovers everything in the bottling works yard is dead including creature and this is the reason its deserted. Later in Great Expectations Dickens expounds on how the lager in the unfilled coffins had gone bad which is an allegory and this suggests with Miss Havisham on the grounds that she has additionally gone bad. He likewise expounds on the nursery, which he depicts as a position nursery and he additionally expounds on how the house is congested with tangled weeds. This connects to part one when Pip goes to the churchyard to his folks grave to picture them and his siblings the grave stones are congested with tangled weeds. Which had a specific sharp recognition of better days waiting about them; Behind the most distant finish of the distillery was a position garden. When Pip first goes into Miss Havishams house he strolls into a dim room which sitting tight for him is Miss Havisham. At the point when he strolls in he sees a ladys a dressing table and back in Dickens days on the off chance that you had dressing table you were viewed as rich. And that I made out from the outset to be a fine ladys dressing table. When Pip goes into Satis house and meets Miss Havisham he understands that she has a ladys dressing table and that Miss Havisham herself was wearing rich materials like glossy silk, ribbon and silks. The word white is rehashed a changed of times and this makes it indiscernible. He likewise sees that she isn't wearing her watch and neither one of the her train and she just has one shoe on this gives the peruser the impression Miss Havisham is half orchestrated. She was wearing rich materials-glossy silks and ribbon, and silks-the entirety of white. For she had yet one shoe on-the other had was on the table close to her hand-her shroud was nevertheless half orchestrated, her watch and chain were not put on. Dickens utilizes symbolism of death and rot by depicting Miss Havisham dress as blurred and yellow. This suggests she has likewise blurred and lost her substance and eternality. She has likewise shriveled, and has indented eyes this suggests she has lost the energy from her eyes and now her eyes appear to uncover a dull past. She additionally looked preferred a terrible waxwork, which discloses to us she appears to be alive yet she is done living inside. Furthermore Dickens expounds on how Miss Havisham is half dressed and still caught in the past with every last bit of her awful recollections she cannot get away. Miss Havisham is stuck in a period where she doesnt wasnt to overlook that she was gilted. Miss Havisham has halted all th e tickers since she doesnt need to overlook. Watch had halted a twenty minutes to nine, and that a check in the room had halted at twenty minutes to nine. Miss Havisham has halted all the tickers since she doesnt need to overlook that horrendous day. She needs individuals to realize that she was gilted and its like she needs to drag everybody down with her so they can likewise sympathize with her torment and hopelessness. Miss Havisham in light of this kind of breathes in every last bit of her agony and hopelessness and flourishes off it to kind of survive.â She articulated the word with an energetic look, and with solid underscores, and with an abnormal grin that had a sort of brag in it. Dickens makes demise symbolism again by making Miss Havisham as a dead carcass and portrays everything as rotted and which have no articulation to them any longer. A cover covers a dead body so this connects to the passing imagery. Dickens expounds on how Miss Havisham appears as though she is wearing grave-garments or the long cloak so like a cover. So she sat, carcass like. Dickens expounds on Miss Havisham in a low and scaring way. He expounds on now the passionate blow from when she was gilted resembles physical viciousness as a result of he appearance. Her chest had hung, so she stooped; and her voice had dropped, so she talked low, and with a dead break upon her; through and through she resembled having hung, body and soul, inside and without, under the heaviness of a devastating blow. The first time Pip meets Estelle he gets scared by her and she is extremely wry towards Pip and this causes Pip to feel little. She generally calls Pip kid and this threatens him much increasingly despite the fact that theyre about the equivalent age.â But dont stand around kid. She appeared to be a lot more established than I, obviously being a young lady and delightful and placid; and she was a disdainful of me as though she had been one-and-twenty, and a sovereign. Later on again Estelle causes Pip to feel tiny and she scares him such a great amount about his hands. This causes Pip to feel uncertain about his body and furthermore this damages him inside on the grounds that he doesnt know who he is anymore.â I had never however of being embarrassed about my own hands previously; yet I started to think of them as a uninterested pair. Her scorn was solid to the point, that it got irresistible, and I captured it. The same as Estelle continues causing Pip to feel uncertain and makes howdy not certain about who he truly is. Estelle treats Pip like canine and this is mortifying for Pip.â As on the off chance that I was a pooch in disrespect. I was embarrassed, harmed scorned, insulted, furious and sorry. After Estelle had scared Pip about his hands she mortifies Pip about his experience and about how he plays a card game and what he calls them. Hes consistently been similar to a companion to Joe but since now Pip has been shown wrong what the cards are called he feels embarrassed and humiliated and faults Joe for it. They had never upset me, however they disturbed me now, as revolting extremities. I resolved to ask Joe for what reason he had never instructed me to call those image cards, Jacks, which should be called Knaves. After this Pip is feeling much littler and frightened. He is terrified of Estelle due to the manner in which he was raised by his sister in an exceptionally exacting and culpable manner. This has caused Pip to feel delicate and truly helpless when around Estelle.â My sisters raising had made me touchy. In the little world wherein youngsters have their reality, whoever brings them up, there is nothing so finely saw thus finely felt, as treachery. In an extraordinary part allude the way that I was ethically shy and sensitive. Dickens makes creative and enthusiastic pictures of individuals and places by the novel being serialized. Dickens prods us by not revealing to us a greater amount of the story and leaving it energizing and creative minutes. The most loved picture in my brain Dickens has made for me when Pip was remained outside Satis house and passageway and it had chains across it which made it appear as though a jail you were caught in. It makes and extremely solid and dull picture in my brain and it resembled I was there envisioning the ent

5 Tips for Answering Essay Questions

5 Tips for Answering Essay Questions EP 37: 5 Tips for Answering Essay Questions EP 37: 5 Tips for Answering Essay Questions So youre taking an exam. You breeze through the first portion of the exam â€" multiple choice, no problem. The written questions give you a bit more trouble but they are only short answer, not a big deal. However, then you turn to the last page of the exam. Oh no! It is the essay question. Unlike other questions on a test, essay questions allow you to be in control of your response 100%. Rather than picking from answers that were designated for you, you have the change to show the instructor how well you understand the question. On this Episode we are going to go over how you can demonstrate your knowledge in the next essay question you encounter. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is Episode 37 of the Homework Help Show by Homework Help global. [00:00:16] So youre taking an exam you breezed through the first portion of the exam. Multiple choice. No problem. Short answer questions. You got this. However, then you turn to the last page of the exam and essay question! The essay question is probably the least favorite of all exam questions. With other questions, answers are provided, you have the option of taking a guess if you dont really know the answer. But with an essay question there is no guessing. Its all you. You either know it or you dont. Although you may be daunted by the idea of an essay question you can try thinking about it in another way as the questions allow you to control your response 100 percent. This can allow you to demonstrate your knowledge on this subject. You get to prepare ahead of time. Assuming you did the work and studied the material, were going to go over and demonstrate how you can use your knowledge on your next essay question. [00:01:21] Tip number one: Plan First. During an exam youre generally working within a time limit. This can be stressful especially if the test requires other components. Whether you encounter an essay question you might be tempted to start writing it right away. However remember the best essay is one that is planned out. So what you can do is you can start by doing a brain dump. Take one piece of paper and do some brainstorming. Write down all that comes to mind on the subject then take that information and create an outline. Using this two step process you will have a basic outline for your essay and a well planned essay is much more effective than one thats not planned at all. So even though you are doing an exam taking this extra step will help you in the long run and will help you come out with better written essay. [00:02:21] Number two: use an essay format. When it comes to writing essays especially on a test it is best to use a format. Use the five paragraph essay format. This is a standard way of writing an essay and this will be something that your professor will thank you for. This includes an introduction, three body paragraphs or as many body paragraphs as you need to make your point and a conclusion. This is a very simple, straightforward format that you will be familiar with and your professor will be familiar with. By using a format like this youre saving yourself time and youre saving your professors time when they are doing the marking after the exam. [00:03:06] Number three: Make your point. Generally when writing an essay you will want to use something called a hook. This is a way to engage your reader and draw them in and tell them what youre going to be talking about. This might be something like a story or a fact. However in this case when youre writing an essay for an exam you dont necessarily have to use a hook. This is because you have a guaranteed audience who is your professor. Begin instead by developing a strong thesis statement and outlining the various points that you will be making throughout the essay. This will allow your instructor to know what to expect. It will save you time and help you to follow your predesignated outline. [00:03:52] Tip number four: Avoid restating the prompt. When you were writing a thesis statement make sure to avoid restating the prompt that is given by the professor on the exam. This might be tempting because it just seems easier. However it is indicative of lazy and boring writing. This will only go to show your professor that you dont care very much about the essay question and it wont bode well for you on the exam. When youre writing an essay for an exam you want to be creative and show that you can think in a critical way and independently. Be creative, use the notes that you have already written prior to your exam and draw on those to develop a well-rounded essay that is creative and interesting and engaging to the professor. [00:04:42] Tip number five: end with a strong conclusion. Most writing guidelines suggest that it is best to restate the points that youve made throughout as well as to summarize your essay in the conclusion. However this is also indicative of boring writing and its an ineffective way to end your essay. Think instead about synthesizing the various points that you have made throughout your exam essay question rather than just simply restating although youre not trying to prove a new point, youre going to try to synthesize your points into a well-rounded argument that you have also shown in your essay. Think about it as a way to tie everything together at the end of your essay. [00:05:28] Lets go over those points briefly again. Number one: make sure you plan first. Do your brain dump and then do an outline. Number two: use an essay format. 5 Paragraph format is the best to use in this scenario. Number three: Make your point. Make sure that you are getting straight to the point when you begin writing your essay. Number four: avoid restating the prompt. Be creative and write independently. Number 5: end with a strong conclusion that synthesizes all of the points that youve made. [00:06:01] Okay so thats it for me for this week guys. I hope this video was of benefit and I hope that these tips will be able to help you on essays in your exams. As always if you have any questions please leave them in the comments below. If you want to check out any of our other comment oh sorry any of our other content, all of our social media platforms are linked in the description box below. If you like this video please give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any more content. Have a great week guys. Take care. See you soon.

Internet Censorship Essay - America Needs Censorship of...

America Needs Censorship of Cyberspace In June of 1998 the country was horrified to learn of the death of James Byrd Jr. He was a 49-year-old black man who had been found horribly mutilated after being dragged to death. Authorities have charged three men with murder and violation of civil rights (A Fatal Ride in the Night 33). Obviously, if convicted, these men are guilty of a horrible crime, but what if this crime had been committed after viewing a racist website? If a person reads an emotionally charged, hate-filled website and then commits an act of violence, can the creator and owner of the website also be found guilty? No laws have yet been established to censor material in cyberspace. The†¦show more content†¦He states that we cannot say, the First Amendment is so sacrosanct that we must stand idly by while our children are inundated with pornography and smut on the Internet (Exon 156). However, those who are against censorship on the Internet believe that it violates their right to free speech. Because the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates radio and television, Internet users believe this is the only available forum that guarantees the open exchange of ideas. The freedom of expression is a right guaranteed to Americans and therefore should not be restricted by the government. The First Amendment states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. In fact, Americans have a limited form of free speech. Several types of speech are not protected including fighting words, commercial speech, libel and slander, and obscenity. The Supreme Court has three tests for determining what is obscene: (1) whether the average person, applying local community standards, would find that a work, taken as a whole, appeals to a prurient interest; (2) whether the work depicts in a patently offensive way sexual conduct specifically defined as obscene in law; and (3) whether the work,Show MoreRelated We Dont Need Internet Censorship Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesWe Dont Need Internet Censorship Censorship is an extremely controversial issue. There have been hundreds of thousands of essays written about whether or not censorship on the Internet is right or wrong, but so far, no precise conclusion has surfaced. Ive researched into the topic, but I havent completely sided with one or the other. There are just good reasons against censorship. This essay briefly discusses some reasons why the Internet should be censored, but will then mainly focusRead More Should the Internet be censored? Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages Should the Internet be censored? From colonial times to the present, the media in America has been subject to censorship challenges and regulations. The Internet has become a vast sea of opportunity. Everyone is seizing the moment. The good and the bad of society have reduced the meaning of the Internet. Menace threatens each onlooker, as people browse the many pages of Cyberspace. As the new technological advances help to shape our society, one cannot help but think of the dangers waiting to preyRead More Internet Censorship Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone has heard of the Internet and how it is going to help set the world free. The Internet is the fastest growing form of communication and is becoming more and more common in the home. Companies these days do big business over the Internet, and online shopping has grown tremendously in the last few years. For instance, the online auction site eBay sells millions of items every year online. Many companies are making even more plans to expand their business t o the Internet. Unfortunately, there haveRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCard Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly

Emotional And Emotional Intelligence Assessment - 1213 Words

Overall Results IQ score = 65 Percentile score = 1 Emotional Identification, Perception, and Expression=65 Rumination= 100 Problem-Solving= 18 Positive Mindset= 46 Emotional Reflection = 18 Values Integrity= 68 Emotional Understanding= 47 Emotional Integration = 41 Conflict Management Knowledge= 42 Empathy= 53 Social Insight = 50 Emotional Management= 53 Impulse Control= 72 Self-Control= 26 Resilience/Hardiness= 44 Coping Skills= 88 Self-Motivation= 26 Striving=55 Emotional Selectivity = 50 Adaptable Social Skills= 80 Conflict Resolution Behavior = 37 Based on my Emotional Intelligence assessment, my emotional intelligence is not strong, which was a score of 65. According to the overall results of the test, I am out of touch with my emotions, and frequently fail to identify my true feelings. I seem to be extremely uncomfortable dealing with emotions in general. I was relatively successful on the recognition of emotions aspect of the test. Also, I have a lot of limitation that I need to work on to improve my Intelligence test. I do not seem to be entirely aware of my strengths and weakness. My approach to problem solving is not always conducive to resolutions. I need a lot of improvement in the area of Emotional Understanding. My ability to emphasize needs improvement as well. I am not assertive, I do not seem to be very content, I seem to struggle to act independently and my flexibility is limited. Having a balance between all seven elements would be the most idealShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence Self-Assessment Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional intelligence, or EI, has begun to make head way in the nursing world in its tie to leadership. Nurses are people, so they experience emotion just like every other person. Their work is stressful and trying, it provokes emotion due to the environment and situations at hand. The ability to recognize one’s own emotions, along with those that present in others is an important skill (Morrison, 2008). Being able to recognize emotions makes it easier to manage our lives and our relationship withRead MoreEmotional Intelligence: Leadership Assessment and Development 1923 Words   |  8 Pages Leadership Assessment and Development Paper I had no clue how the online assessments that I took would help me, like any other person would think. But later, when I took the tests, I realized the importance of these assessments which gave me an insight of my true self, and helped me pin point my strengths and weaknesses in almost every department. These assessments helped me connect more to myself and the people around me. In this paper, I am going to discuss all the results from the various testsRead MoreSelf-Assessment of Emotional Intelligence Essay651 Words   |  3 PagesEmotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is an important characteristic in becoming a good leader. â€Å"Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage oneself and ones relationships in mature and constructive ways† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009, p.137).Being a good leader entails more than just being smart; leaders need to be able to connect to their employees emotionally and empathetically. Organizations today not only look for leaders with the skills, but leaders that can emotionally connectRead MoreEssay on Emotional Intelligence 2.0 Summary and Assessment826 Words   |  4 Pagesbook, Emotional Intelligence 2.0, provides an alternative approach to how a person achieves success. This book does not focus on the conventional determinant of success, such as formal education and training, experience, and intelligence level (IQ). Although all these components contribute greatly to ones achievement of success, these factors are not the only factors to be considered in whether a person will be su ccessful or not. This book focuses on the concept that it refers to as emotional intelligenceRead MoreAn Emotional Intelligence Assessment : Measuring The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication And Self Evaluation1166 Words   |  5 PagesAn Emotional Intelligence Assessment: Measuring the Importance of Interpersonal Communication and Self-Evaluation in Business Leadership I.Introduction: A Emotional Intelligence (EI) assessment will be analyzed to better understand the emotional complexities of managing a car detail business. My own personal experiences as a business leader will be defined through Goleman’s five categories of Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation, Empathy, and Social Skills. Goleman’s article, â€Å"What makesRead MoreComparing The Eq I And The Strong Interest Inventory Assessments1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe EQ-i and the Strong Interest Inventory assessments. EQ-i stands for emotional quotient inventory. The EQ-i was developed to assess emotion and social intelligence of people. Taking the EQ-i assessment helps many people determine what their strengths when dealing with things pertaining to stress, work ethic, and emotions that will affect the way they act and their success in the working world. The Strong Interest Inventory is used in career assessment. It gives insight on a person’s interests,Read MoreAfter Taking T he Values In Action (Via) Inventory Of Strengths,1285 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough I am not surprised that my top character strength is honesty, it was interesting to learn my other top strengths. Taking the Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Leadership Self-Assessment introduced me to my social and self-intelligence. Using the KAB model, I was able to identify knowledge, attitude and behavior strengths for both self and social intelligence. The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths was designed to classify one’s character strengths and assess the strengths identifiedRead MoreUnderstanding Of Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Leadership, And Workplace795 Words   |  4 Pagesexited the organization. In addition to this critical loss, the remaining employees were left to perform business as usual. Downey (2011) indicated that emotional intelligence, organizational leadership, and workplace culture are directly linked to how employees relate to the leaders of an organization. The understanding of emotional intelligence, its components and a comparable leadership style such as transformational leadership is vital to the success of an organization. The general organizationalRead MorePersonal Statement Assessment : My Personality As A Business Owner843 Words   |  4 PagesV.Implications for Career This self-evaluation assessment has provided the pros and cons of my interpersonal interactions with employees as a business owner. The implications of the Emotional Intelligence assessment have inspired me to identify and single out the positive and negative aspects of my personality as a business leader. I have become more aware of the importance of self-knowledge as a way to identify emotional patterns that can help me understand my employees outside of their job performanceRead MoreImportance of Self-Assessment in Leadership Roles1078 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership style also involves continuous self-assessment in order to evaluate the past and current performance and consequently improve the future leadership potential. The following four paragraphs aim to identify and discuss some of the major benefits that leaders will have when engaging in an honest self-assessment process, but will also highlight typical pitfalls in self-evaluation. SELF ASSESSMENT CAN IMPROVE EMOTIONAL SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE Emotional intelligence in leadership has been described by Prati

Devloping Property Investment Strategy Free Essays

string(68) " when investing in unfamiliar and foreign assets types and classes\." Abstract This research proposal investigates the varying methods of choice when investing in direct or indirect property. Investment is the giving up of a capital sum now in exchange for the benefits to be received in the future, such as income flow and or capital gains. The results show a choice of investment opportunities that can be made by measuring risk and return and by balancing different types of asset classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Devloping Property Investment Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using the different investment choices available a strategy plan can then be developed tailoring to the needs of the client. There are four main areas of research that should be considered by each individual when developing a property investment strategy; the investor’s objectives, how much the investor can afford to invest, the level of risk acceptable, and the rate of return desired. The motive however for all investors is the same, to increase wealth and secure their future. Contents Introduction3 Research questions3 Literature review4 Investment requirements/objectives4 Property as an Investment5 Property investment analysis9 Developing an Investment Strategy11 Research Design13 Significants13 Definitions13 Limitations14 References14 Introduction There are many different types of investments some of which include; stocks and shares, bonds and bills, property, trusts, syndicates, debentures, insurance policies and superannuation. The type and size of these property investments appeal to different investors from the small individual properties to the property trusts worth millions of dollars. Location can also play a role in subdividing the different categories even further such as an industrialist might limit their demand for factory space to a specific area, whereas the industrial property acquired by investment fund for its portfolio may not worry about the country or region of which it purchase its property from. Investment in property can be direct or indirect; can be acquired by way of auction, by tender, by private treaty or by take over bid (Enver 2002). Australian investors have forever been fascinated in real estate as it still remains the main class of investment for individuals and investment funds, however many people are still under the impression that an asset of land will offer secure and lasting returns. In fact the acquisition of land must require informed and justifiable decisions involving the comparison of alike assets including tenanted houses and units, syndicates, property trusts and funds. (Rowland 1997) The main area of study describes the planning required for investment in property. Investment returns and yields are explained with risk level outlined in the current market. Explanations in methods of investing in property and a plan of developing an investment strategy. Comparisons to the stock market transactions are quick and easy, compared with property transactions where time and money is needed to collect information on each property that is up for sale. Then an inspection and analysis of each property needs to take place to ensure all the facts and figures are interpreted and taken into account and the optimal choice is made. Research questions Success can never be assured when acquiring an asset, as there are many risks involved such as the unpredictability of the future market, opinion and outlooks. Given that property is only one of the opportunities for investment on the market and that different investments appeal to different investors, the comparison of asset with asset is essential, but the comparison of that asset against other forms of investment is also just as important. – To obtain the investment requirements and to explain property investment considerations through the measure of the amount of investment, return/yield, risk comparison – To compare property as an investment choice it is examined through risk, property classes and diversification. To analyse the property investments which are explained for the planning of investment strategy – To develop the needs and constraints of an investment strategy Literature review Investment requirements/objectives Investment objectives must reflect the needs of the investor indirectly suggest the appropriate type and duration of property investments and are crucial in the development of an investment stra tegy of any kind. Without them it would be impossible to make a rational decision on what type or class of property to invest, how to finance it, when the income is needed and an estimated holding period Rowland et al (1997) suggests that a person must determine their objectives by analysing their own personal circumstances, such as their income, spending habits and social needs, or by shared or individual goals. For private investors it involves income, age, family commitments and even personality will suggest how much they are willing to risk to obtain a higher return (Pyhrr et al: 1989, p665). Because buying and selling direct real property assets involves high transfer, entry and exit costs and long selling periods it is consequently seen as an illiquid investment. Whereas an investment in property funds or units or shares also known as indirect property allow quick an easy trades along with shorter holding periods and evidence of rapid and high gains in less than two years. However direct property investment is still seen as a long-term investment strategy with lower risk involved. The one common objective is to find the asset that offers protection against the decline in purchasing power caused by price inflation. Real Estate is commonly considered to be a good hedge against both expected and unexpected inflation in the long term. Properties for which the rent is closely linked to consumer prices are often required when the primary motive is to preserve capital. Residential rents, commercial rents and those retial rents based on shop turnover including those rents reviewed annually in line with the consumer price index are commonly thought to provide at least partial protection against the effects of inflation (Rowland, 1997). The assets that are currently owned by the investor will also play a role in the determinants of the investment objectives and process. A diversified portfolio is commonly desired by investors and often requires different expertise to assist in the acquisitions, which lowers risk that can be increased when investing in unfamiliar and foreign assets types and classes. You read "Devloping Property Investment Strategy" in category "Papers" Investment considerations The amount for investment Consideration and analysis of a selected group of possible investment opportunities cannot take place unless there is an estimate of how much the nvestor has or is available to invest. Investors must have access to equity, cash, borrowings or a combination of all to even begin considering investing. The funds available to an investor ultimately determine the purchase price. Return/yield The expected rate of return must match the investor’s objectives to determine the property class or type sui table. The measurement of return is calculated from known facts about the sale of a property and is used as a unit of comparison when comparing direct and indirect property. A suitable cash flow for the investment and the perceived risk should be viewed in conjunction with the rate of return, with a higher risk property requiring a higher rate of return. Capitalisation rate is the most common unit of comparison between asset classes, and can indicate whether a property is overpriced or incorrectly valued in some way with market evidence. The cap rate can be calculated by dividing the net income by the price expressed as a decimal or initial yield on purchase. Investment risk Rowland et al suggests that the purpose of the investment and the current circumstances of the investor determined an attitude to the risk involved. An increase in the return would normally compensate for any risks that are taken, but the trade-off between risk and return is dependant upon how unwilling or hesitant each investor is to risk. Variables involved in the prediction of future property income and value, such as rental income, running costs, vacancies, capital expenditure, charges in capital value and interest rates national and international stability, are critical and must be estimated to determine the property return. There are some key considerations that an investor must look at when determining their investment risk level. – Each investors objectives influence the selection of properties. – Cap rates (initial yields) unless lease terms are known are limited use in comparing properties. – Property investment and financing is a question between debt and equity or a combination of both. – Testing the impact of the return of below expected rental growth and unexpected rental vacancies could assess the two major risks or property investment. Investors are prepared to take varying degrees of risk to enhance return, depending on their objectives and circumstances (Rowland 1997) Property as an Investment Real Estate or property is the main asset class for property investment and contains very desirable characteristics, which are also very attractive for the larger investors who are trying to balance their portfolios between risk and return: – A good hedge against infl ation – Good income and capital returns – Low risk investment Diversification benefits from low co-variability with shares and bonds. Investing in property is however considerably different to the other principle investment options of shares and bonds because property is a physical asset (Bird 1984), while shares and bonds are financial assets. The main differences between a physical and a financial asset relate to: Flexibility: Shares and bonds are readily and frequently traded in the market (i. e. stock exchange), whereas property is infrequently traded, has lengthy transaction times and has no central â€Å"market place†. Divisibility: Portions of shares or bonds can be traded. Obviously part of a building cannot generally be traded, although subdivision by strata titling can be an option. Liquidity: Shares and bonds can be viewed as short-term investments, where as property is seen as a medium-to-long term investment. The high costs associated with entry and exit to property significantly impact on liquidity. This makes dealing in shares or bonds for the small investors more attractive (Newell 2000) Listed property trusts are more related to the financial assets of shares and bonds rather than the physical asset of composite property (Joslin 2005). Property as an investment choice Real estate is often acquired over other investment assets for its low risk performance, however this ignores many characteristics that differentiate property from other investments such as shares and bonds (Rowland 1997). Property Direct Indirect Redeemable Unredeemable (Syndicates) Market Priced Appraisal Priced (Listed) (Unlisted) Direct property is the purest form of property investment (PIR 1998), but mostly known as where the owners name appears directly on the title papers. It ranges from the simplicity of a residential investment by a private individual, which is easily understood, to that of the sophisticated commercial property portfolio’s managed by institutions (Upton 1998). The level of economic activity is directly linked to property, where the roperty market improves so does the value of the property. As property values continue to rise the number of potential investors begins to fall because of the high costs of quality real estate. Even the institutional investors who use property to balance their risk within their asset portfolios are reducing direct property exposure to between only 10-15% of the value of the portfolio (PIR 1998). Indirect property investments are often defined as pooled investments and are covered by the Managed Invest ment Act 1998. This notion allows for the purchase of types and classes of properties that would not otherwise be available to the average investor. Listed trusts are usually unrestricted investment opportunities, particularly the large and more liquid trusts. The Australian Stock exchange is used by the investors to trade their units and the trusts managers use it to buy and sell properties into and out of the units. Bond price and the comparative risk for each individual property trust are what drives the prices of units on the stock exchange. This itself is governed by the property, the lease, the tenant, the manager, liquidity and tax allowances and the other factors not necessarily related to the property, which may cause unit prices to depart from the net asset value (PIR, 1998). The majority of unlisted trusts on offer are open ended. In 1991 the Government introduced changes governing unlisted trusts which has the effect of turning most into what is termed hybrid funds, wherein they offer a mix of direct property, property securities, and also cash reserves. This liquidity is necessary to pay out redemptions which are the units that can be redeemed against the trust after a year they are not traded on the stock exchange as are listed trusts. Trusts were able to overcome two of the main problems of direct property ownership Firstly costs; transaction costs are much lower and are bound up in the vehicle structure. All the unit-holders share these indirectly. Secondly; liquidity, investors are able to trade their unit holdings for cash, which is beneficial to both small and large investors. However this aspect is one that often has property assets trading more like the all-ordinary index rather than a property asset (PIR 1998) A property syndicate is an investment vehicle through which investors can have direct ownership of one or more properties legally (Upton 1998). The investment usually lasts between 5-12 years after which the investment properties are sold and the profit is returned to the investors. Syndicates have for a long time been a means by which smaller investors can enter the property market when they otherwise could not afford to do so (upton1998). Syndicates have not only provided this broader range of better quality property for the general or retail market but institutional investors such as superannuation funds have used syndicates as a means of obtaining better diversification for the funds available for direct property allocation (Upton 1998) Risk and property investment Rowland et al (1997) suggests that there are a number of important or special investment considerations, which are strategically important to investors developing an interest in property. The most significant factors are: Specific risk, each individual property is unique and will require a detailed appraisal of specific opportunity. -Costs of management and charges are upwards of 25% of gross income while specialised management is also required due to favourable tenant rights, compared to investment in other equities or bonds. These costs are high. -Market information is not as readily available, less reliable and is much more expensive than other index m arket information. -Financial considerations. A considerable degree of financial leverage is normally required, which comes under increasing pressure in economic and property cycles. This is why decisions made should be long term. -Quality premium property is often in short supply and any improvements made may become economically or functionally obsolete. Rowland states that in assessing long-term exposure to property that we must look at key factors such as; the tax position, the rival situation and risk profile, the liquidity required, the character of the liabilities Rowland (1997) writes. â€Å"The return from any property cannot be judged properly without also assessing the risk that the investment may not meet the objectives of ownership. Investors are most unlikely to take on additional risks unless there is sufficient increase in the expected return†. This point is the basis of all investment not only for property. The investor makes the choice between high risk and high return, or low risk and low return. These are again the principles of a balanced investment portfolio. Property classes and diversification Most investors would be well aware that an old saying â€Å"don’t put all your eggs in the one basket† which is a practical investment strategy. All of the sensible institutional investors balance their asset portfolios As stated earlier, McMahon (1998), property only plays a small part of between 10 to 15% of total asset portfolio composition, which normally consists of property, shares and bonds. However, property trusts and property syndicates will principally be composed entirely of property, but contain many sub classes or property types which in turn play an important part in the diversification strategy. It must be remembered, property can be direct and indirect, interstate, intrastate or international. Property investment analysis This chart shows the relationship between each asset class and the level of risk and return that can be expected. High Potential Return Low Expected Risk High Cash Fixed interest Property Growth Alternative investments Assets Shares Individual investors each have different and unique circumstances that need to be taken into considerations when making a decision between direct and indirect property investment. It is often argued, â€Å"property investment is the trade off between risk and return†. The investor can therefore have a very complicated or simple investment plan depending on their needs, however an investor seeking high returns should be prepared to take high risks, while a more prudent investor would settle for a more modest return. As there is no central market place for property trading except for listed property trusts in the stock exchange it means the majority of property investors and not equipped to undertake a through or sustained investment analysis. This means there is very limited means of information regarding the history of trading including returns for the unlisted trusts. The individual investor’s objectives or requirements will often determine the class of property for investment, which is frequently balanced by their experience or existing property portfolio impacting on the risk return strategies. Direct property Most direct property analysis is based on a direct comparison basis. Investors choosing income-producing properties balance the overall return/yield on the net annual income of the property and the annual capital growth of the asset. For example a property located in the country may give a greater annual return than one in the suburbs but its capital growth may be far less. As an investment strategy it may however amount to a positive investment, returning more than it costs to own. Direct comparison analysis requires a comparison of â€Å"like with like† therefore a property on a busy main road location is not comparable to a property with direct water frontage. Therefore the influences of Type, location and timing need to be considered with return or yield. Property information. Property information can be broken down in to three main categories, general overview, specific class/type and local information. General overview: when an investor is first looking to invest in property they want a general overview about the whole industry, what is hot and what’s not and where to find it. This information can be found on sites like; ABS, The Property Council of Australia, The Australian Property Institute, Access Economics, The Real Estate Institute etc. These sites will provide overall information on trends, the present state of the market and future predicted trends, which will assist the investor in choosing a location and class of property for investment. Specific class/type; large corporate real estate players like CB Richard Ellis, the real estate franchisers, PRD, researchers like Property Investment Research, Residex, RP data or investors AMP, Westfield, etc all are supported by extensive research departments and are able to provide very specific property performance information. The difficulty in using their services is that most are commercial businesses and seek payments for the services provided. Local Information; once the location and the class of property is chosen then there is no better research than getting to that location. When you have acquired/ researched, the latest most comprehensive information, then the analysis process is undertaken, as we have demonstrated earlier. Indirect property Indirect property because it trades as a financial asset provides a clear trial of transactional and corporate informational because of the rules associated to being listed on the stock exchange. The stock exchange also has some very strict â€Å"code of conduct† rules for companies or individuals as traders on the stock exchange, far more stringent than for regulated property traders/professionals. Each individual company or property trust listed on the stock exchange must meet reporting requirements, which allows advisers access to the most intimate â€Å"going concern† and stock market trading information. It is for this reason that the stock market investing is volatile, analysts have intimate corporate information, coupled with cyclical and world events puts daily pressure on stock values. Stocks are trading daily effectively valuing assets and performance on a daily basis. A company’s annual report’s can be analysed using mostly ratio analysis, undertaken as a matter of course before being recommended by investment house/advisors. Property trusts are also analysed and benchmarked prior to being recommended for investment. Because listed companies and property trusts operate in the economy, they are obviously affected by the overall state of the local and world economies. If both the local and world economies are doing well, then, other things being equal, you could expect listed companies and trusts to do well and stock prices increases. Developing an Investment Strategy The development of an investment strategy over a period of time allows the individual to assess what they can afford, their risk level and provides a clear outlook for the future. The main considerations would be how much you need to borrow and the level of gearing, the purchasing costs, ongoing costs and depreciation schedules and other tax issues. Hargitay and Yu (1991) et al suggests that the investment usually means the acquisition of assets by the investor with the view to satisfactory returns in the future. The capital committed to the acquisition of the assets and the expected returns are exposed to risk. Generally the greater the exposure to risk, the higher the return expected by the investor as a reward for bearing the risks involved. Most rational investors are risk-adverse. That is they prefer less risk to more risk and more return to less return. The formulation of an investment strategy or portfolio objective involves the listing and ranking of the principal needs the constraints for a particular investor. A list of the particular needs and constraints may include the following: Needs 1- Need for the security or capital invested. 2- Need for the security and stability of income. 3- Need for the readily marketable investment, i. e. liquidity 4- Need for tax exemptions or reliefs 5- Need for external professional management. Constraints 1- Limit on the size of immediate capital investment 2- Limit on the size of future investment. These future capital commitments are either regular or random. 3- Upper limit of risk bearing 4- Minimum acceptable rate of return – Term of investment 6- Statutory controls It is extremely important that the investor sees their particular position amongst the needs and constraints and is able to express their relative importance. Only then will the investor be able to articulate their portfolio objectives clearly. Hargitay and Yu (1991) et al also suggest that Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) provides another more rational method to assemble a portfolio of risky securities. MPT provides the rational to select a combination of risk free assets that would meet the investors’ objectives. The first and fundamental problem facing the investor is to establish the investment goals and objectives. Only after the clear definition of the investment goals and objectives can the appropriate investment strategies and tactics be established. Conclusion The theme of this proposal is that a sound investment decision-making is based on a thorough return and risk analysis, which is the best strategy for maximising a person’s wealth. The institutional or corporate investor usually invests to make adequate provisions to cover future liabilities and hedge against the success or failure of their enterprise. Various institutional investors have distinctly different liabilities and tax status and therefore require different investment and portfolio structures to meet their respective commitments now and in the future. The first step in the establishment of investment objectives is the determination of the investors needs. The needs of an individual investor will be different from those of an institutional or corporate investor. However the primary motive for investment in all cases is profit. Usually individual investors’ provide for certain goals, retirement, educating their hildren, or simply hoping to increase their wealth through investment of individuals to money matters, and in particular to risks’, varies greatly. Some have the attitude that given their investment amount is only small that when investing in risky ventures the risk aspect is insignificant, so they accept the risks quite readily. Other investors would regard the loss of their small investment as a major disaster. Research Design The development of a property investment strategy data collected mainly from secondary sources. Define Purpose of the proposal Question Scholarly Journals Trade Journals Reference Books Sources Official Statistics Technical Reports Libraries and their search engines Research Literature Review articles Design Locate Col Evaluate Verify Construct and Incorporate data into the proposal The purpose of this proposal is to examine the way in which an individual decides what is the best investment option to undertake. Included is the discussion of issues on investment strategies; risk and return measures; limitations; investment decisions; investment objectives. A variety of industry sectors were analysed including direct and indirect property and what each of these involve. The graphs in this report were constructed using a vast array of publicly information obtained for the literature review and the secondary sources mentioned. Significants This proposal outlines the framework for determining a sound investment strategy and important steps and criteria a potential investor must undertake in order in maximise their financial wealth. Positive investment results are directly related to a well researched and thought about investment strategy. Definitions Asset allocation: â€Å"The proportion of your total capital you invest in the different asset classes. This will be largely determined by your risk profile† (ASX) Benchmark: â€Å"The yardstick that a fund manager compares the performance of their fund to, such as the All Ordinaries Index which may be used as a benchmark for Australian Shares† (ASX) Diversified Portfolio: â€Å"A portfolio that holds a variety of assets over more than one asset class or one market. This may include shares, property, or fixed interest† (ASX) Gearing: â€Å" Refers to the process of the increasing funds available for investment through borrowing. The ratio of debt finance to equity finance or as: The use of long-term debt in financing an entity. Gearing may be measured as EBIT/EBIIT – interest, Used to be known as Leverage† (ASX) Hedge: â€Å"A transaction, which reduces or offsets the risk of a current holding. † (ASX) Liquidity: â€Å" Being able to convert assets into cash easily, quickly and with little of no loss of capital. A liquid market is a market with enough participants to make buying and selling easy. ASX) Return on investment: â€Å"What you earn from your investments, including dividends, interest or other income and realised capital gains. Return is usually expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. † (ASX) Limitations This research proposal of developing a property investment is limited in that it does not take into consideration individual circumstances and further ana lysis of this should be done before investment begins. This proposal also does not take into the account other factors that affect the market, which can also then affect an investment. This proposal also ignores the adverse tax consequences associated in investment, which are critical in any investment strategy. References Australian Securities Exchange, 2008, (ASX) Bird, P. (1984), â€Å"Commodities as a hedge against inflation†, Applied Economics, Byrne P and Lee S, 2004, Different Risk Measures; Different portfolio compositions, Journal of property investment and finance. Enever, N. , Isaac, D. (2002), The Valuation of Property Investments, 6th ed. , Estates Gazette, London, Hargitay. S. E and Yu. S, 1991, Property Investment Decisions; a quantitative approach Joslin, A. (2005), â€Å"An investigation into the expression of uncertainty in property valuations†, Journal of Property Investment Finance, Vol. 23 McMahon, Walter W. (1998) â€Å"Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of the Social Benefits of Lifelong Learning†, Education Economics, Newell G, Kottegoda P and Acheampong P, 2000, Using style analysis to assess direct property performance, Sixth Rim Real Estate Society, Sydney Newell G, Acheampong P, Kishore and Padan M 2000, Diversification issues in property securities funds, Sixth Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, Sydney Property Investment Research, PIR 1998, Melbourne Pyhrr. S. A and Cooper. R. J 1989, Real Estate Investment; Strategy, Analysis, Decisions, New York: Wiley Rowland. P. J 1997, Property Investments their financing, 2nd edition, LBC (Thomson) Upton D, 1998 flirting with debt, Property Australia ———————– Define Question Secondary sources Collect, Review analyse data Research report How to cite Devloping Property Investment Strategy, Papers

NAJHL Hockey League Essays - Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield

NAJHL Hockey League The Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization will play in the North American Junior Hockey League (NAJHL). The NAJHL is a Division A junior hockey league, which is the highest level of junior hockey, consisting of eight teams located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. The league is comprised predominantly of players 16 -20 years old. Each team in the league plays a twenty- game schedule. In addition, league members play in a mid-season all-star game and in a league tournament that culminates the season by declaring a league champion. The team will play its home games in the Ice Palace, leased from the City of Springfield. The Ice Palace has a maximum capacity of 3,000 people. It includes four locker rooms, eight restroom facilities, an arcade room, an athletic training facility, a weight room, and a large room available for private functions. Description of the Community The City of Springfield, which hosts the team, has a population of 110,000; plus an additional 559,000 within a 60-mile radius. The largest age group for both men and women is 35-44. The city's government is a municipality with a mayor and 10 aldermen that represent an area of the city. Springfield is the state capital of Illinois and therefore houses many of the state's agencies. Its economic base depends upon state and federal agencies, three major hospitals, three colleges, and two state universities (University of Illinois at Springfield and Southern Illinois University School of Medicine). The cost of living in Springfield has an index of 97.4; the national average is an index of 100. Thirty-five percent of the households in Springfield earn between $25,000 and $49,000. The three main industries providing employment are the public sector, services, and retail trade. Springfield has an unemployment rate of 5.4%. Thirty-three percent of Springfieldians have a high school diploma and fourteen percent have a bachelor's degree. Springfield has 36 public schools and 29 non-public schools employing over 2,600 teachers. The YMCA, YWCA, Boys and Girls Club of America, and the Springfield Rotary Club offer social service to the community. Springfield offers 6 museums (including the Illinois State Museum), two zoos, a minor league baseball team, and numerous state and national historic sites. Parks offered include seven parks in the Springfield Park District, a wildlife sanctuary, botanical gardens, and Lincoln's New Salem State Park. The Illinois Symphony Orchestra, Springfield Chamber Orchestra, Springfield Muni Opera, and Springfield Theatre Center house the city's performing arts. Natural resources of the area include Lake Springfield and the Sangamon River. Numerous highways and Interstates 55 and 72 allow for travel in and out of the city. Capital Airport provides air service to the community with service provided by American Eagle, Great Lakes, United Express, and Trans World Express. Five trunkline railroads serve Sangamon County and Amtrak provides passenger service. Intra-city bus service is available via the Springfield Mass Transit District, and Greyhound provides interstate bus service (Greater Springfield Chamber of Commerce, 1999). Target Population The athletic services provided by the Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization (SSHO) serves primarily 16-20 year old hockey players seeking an opportunity to eventually play for a major college or professional hockey team. Players will be recruited and drafted from national and international midget (a younger group of players) leagues, with players coming from as far away as Europe and Russia to play. Due to the expenses to play the sport most players come from upper-middle and upper class families. The entertainment services provided by the team serves an audience of all ages. Working class families provide the largest audience base. Special seating will be provided for families as well as group ticket pricing. A private room is available for larger parties. The facility is handicapped accessible, and smoking is prohibited in the arena. Financing The SSHO is financed primarily by player fees (players must pay $5,000 each to play in the league), ticket sales, and advertising sales. Additional funding will come from concession sales, team merchandise sales, booster club fundraisers, and team fundraisers (the Summer Golf Outing with the team and a Silent Auction of team memorabilia). Legal Basis for Service The SSHO is a for-profit corporation, incorporated in the State of Illinois and registered with the Federal Government as a for-profit corporation. Annually, the major shareholders for the team file taxes with the Illinois Department of Revenue and the Internal Revenue Service. PURPOSE STATEMENT SPRINGFIELD STATESMEN HOCKEY ORGANIZATION The primary purpose of the SSHO is to enhance the development of its players through top-quality coaching, extensive practice time, and a rigorous game schedule. The Organization is committed